"Japanese are "group-centric" their groups exclude everyone, including other Japanese from the in-group" (Nakane, 1972)

"Japanese are "group-centric" 

their groups exclude everyone, 

including other Japanese

from the in-group. 

This means establishing trust 

by consistently reciprocating

 favours (giri-ninjogiri-ninjo)" (Nakane, 1972)

Source: Deciphering the Japanese Cultural Code, 

International Marketing Review, Autumn 1986

#japanesecustomer #japan #culture #group #behaviour #rules